Adjective Clause: Pengertian, Jenis, Contoh, dan Latihan Soal Lengkap

Memahami struktur kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang kompleks merupakan keterampilan penting, terutama dalam konteks akademik. Salah satu unsur yang sering muncul dalam teks bacaan maupun percakapan adalah adjective clause. Klausa ini berfungsi sebagai penjelas (modifier) bagi kata benda atau kata ganti, sehingga makna kalimat menjadi lebih spesifik dan jelas. Artikel ini akan membahas definisi, jenis-jenis, penggunaan, contoh, serta kesalahan umum dalam penerapan adjective clause.

Apa Itu Adjective Clause?

Adjective clause adalah klausa bawahan (dependent clause) yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat untuk menerangkan noun atau pronoun. Klausa ini biasanya diawali dengan relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) atau relative adverb (where, when, why).

Ciri-ciri utama adjective clause:

• Selalu melekat pada noun/pronoun.

• Tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, harus bergabung dengan independent clause.

• Menjawab pertanyaan: Which one? atau What kind?

Contoh:

• The student who studies hard will succeed.
  (Kata “who studies hard” menjelaskan “the student”).

Relative Pronouns dalam Adjective Clause

1. Who

Digunakan untuk menggantikan orang sebagai subjek.

• The teacher who teaches English is kind.

2. Whom

Digunakan untuk menggantikan orang sebagai objek.

• The student whom you met yesterday is my friend.

3. Whose

Menunjukkan kepemilikan.

• The boy whose book is missing is crying.

4. Which

Digunakan untuk benda atau hewan.

• The car which was stolen has been found.

5. That

Dapat menggantikan orang, benda, atau hewan.

• The movie that we watched was interesting.

Relative Adverbs dalam Adjective Clause

1. Where

Menunjukkan tempat.

• This is the school where I studied English.

2. When

Menunjukkan waktu.

• I remember the day when we first met.

3. Why

Menunjukkan alasan.

• That is the reason why she left early.

Restrictive vs. Non-restrictive Clause

1. Restrictive Clause (Defining)

• Memberi informasi penting tentang noun.

• Tidak dipisahkan dengan koma.

• Contoh: The man who is standing there is my uncle.

2. Non-restrictive Clause (Non-defining)

• Memberi informasi tambahan (tidak penting).

• Selalu dipisahkan dengan koma.

• Contoh: My uncle, who lives in Jakarta, is visiting us.

Omission dalam Adjective Clause

Pada beberapa kasus, relative pronoun dapat dihilangkan, terutama bila berfungsi sebagai objek.

• The book (that) I borrowed is new.

• The man (whom) you met is my teacher.

Kesalahan Umum

1. Salah memilih relative pronoun.

   • ❌ The student which is diligent.

   • ✅ The student who is diligent.

2. Menggunakan koma pada restrictive clause.

   • ❌ The girl, who sits there is my sister.

   • ✅ The girl who sits there is my sister.

3. Menghilangkan pronoun pada posisi subjek.

   • ❌ The man you loves is kind.

   • ✅ The man who loves you is kind.

Contoh Ringkas Penggunaan

Key Takeaways

• Adjective clause adalah klausa bawahan yang berfungsi menjelaskan noun/pronoun.

• Relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) dan relative adverbs (where, when, why) adalah penghubung utama.

• Ada dua jenis utama: restrictive (tanpa koma, informasi penting) dan non-restrictive (dengan koma, informasi tambahan).

• Relative pronoun dapat dihilangkan bila berfungsi sebagai objek.

• Kesalahan umum meliputi salah memilih pronoun, penggunaan koma yang keliru, dan penghilangan pronoun pada posisi subjek.

Latihan Soal (20 Soal + Pembahasan)

Pilihan Ganda (A–E)

1. The man ___ is standing there is my father.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. where
E. whose
Jawaban: B. Who → subjek untuk orang.

2. The woman ___ you saw yesterday is my aunt.
A. whom
B. who
C. whose
D. where
E. when
Jawaban: A. Whom → objek orang.

3. The book ___ I borrowed yesterday is interesting.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. where
E. whose
Jawaban: C. Which → benda.

4. The boy ___ bag was stolen is crying.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
E. that
Jawaban: C. Whose → kepemilikan.

5. The movie ___ we watched last night was exciting.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
E. where
Jawaban: A. Which.

6. The students ___ study hard will pass the exam.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. where
E. whose
Jawaban: C. Who.

7. This is the place ___ we first met.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
E. whom
Jawaban: B. Where.

8. I remember the day ___ we celebrated our success.
A. when
B. where
C. whose
D. who
E. which
Jawaban: A. When.

9. That is the reason ___ she left the class.
A. where
B. why
C. when
D. which
E. whose
Jawaban: B. Why.

10. The man ___ car is red is my neighbor.
A. whose
B. whom
C. which
D. when
E. where
Jawaban: A. Whose.

11. The teacher ___ teaches us English is kind.
A. whom
B. whose
C. which
D. who
E. where
Jawaban: D. Who.

12. The woman ___ you met is my sister.
A. where
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
E. when
Jawaban: C. Whom.

13. The house ___ I bought last year is very big.
A. where
B. whose
C. which
D. when
E. who
Jawaban: C. Which.

14. The student ___ homework is missing will be punished.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
E. when
Jawaban: A. Whose.

15. This is the school ___ I studied ten years ago.
A. whose
B. which
C. whom
D. where
E. who
Jawaban: D. Where.

16. The year ___ I graduated was unforgettable.
A. when
B. where
C. whose
D. whom
E. which
Jawaban: A. When.

17. The bag ___ is on the table belongs to Anna.
A. whom
B. who
C. where
D. which
E. whose
Jawaban: D. Which.

18. The people ___ live in this village are friendly.
A. where
B. which
C. whom
D. who
E. whose
Jawaban: D. Who.

19. The reason ___ he didn’t come was not clear.
A. who
B. which
C. why
D. when
E. where
Jawaban: C. Why.

20. The girl ___ you talked to is my cousin.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. whose
E. when
Jawaban: A. Whom.