Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, terdapat pola khusus yang disebut causative construction. Pola ini digunakan ketika seseorang tidak melakukan tindakan secara langsung, melainkan membuat orang lain melakukan tindakan atau menyebabkan sesuatu terjadi. Pemahaman causative sangat penting karena sering muncul dalam percakapan sehari-hari, teks akademik, maupun soal ujian.
Artikel ini akan mengulas secara komprehensif tentang causative mulai dari pengertian, bentuk utama, hingga penerapannya. Di akhir, tersedia 20 soal latihan beserta pembahasan untuk memperkuat pemahaman.
Pengertian Causative
Causative adalah struktur kalimat yang menunjukkan bahwa subjek tidak melakukan aksi secara langsung, tetapi menyebabkan atau meminta orang lain melakukan aksi tersebut.
Contoh sederhana:
-
I had my car washed yesterday.
(= Saya tidak mencuci mobil sendiri, tetapi meminta orang lain melakukannya.)
Jenis-Jenis Causative
1. Causative dengan “Have”
Pola ini umum digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa seseorang meminta, menyuruh, atau mengatur agar orang lain melakukan sesuatu.
Rumus:
-
Have + object + past participle (untuk tindakan yang dilakukan orang lain terhadap objek)
-
Have + person + base verb (untuk menyuruh seseorang melakukan tindakan)
Contoh:
-
I had my hair cut yesterday. → rambut saya dipotong oleh orang lain.
-
She had her brother fix the computer. → ia menyuruh kakaknya memperbaiki komputer.
2. Causative dengan “Get”
“Get” digunakan dengan makna serupa, tetapi cenderung lebih informal dibanding “have”.
Rumus:
-
Get + object + past participle
-
Get + person + to infinitive
Contoh:
-
I got my car repaired last week.
-
He got his friend to help him with homework.
3. Causative dengan “Make”
Digunakan ketika subjek memaksa atau sangat menekankan agar orang lain melakukan sesuatu.
Rumus:
-
Make + person + base verb
Contoh:
-
The teacher made the students write an essay.
(= Guru memaksa siswa menulis esai.)
4. Causative dengan “Let”
Berbeda dengan “make”, pola ini digunakan ketika subjek mengizinkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Rumus:
-
Let + person + base verb
Contoh:
-
My parents let me go to the party.
5. Causative dengan “Help”
“Help” digunakan untuk menunjukkan bantuan.
Rumus:
-
Help + person + base verb
-
Help + person + to infinitive
Contoh:
-
She helped me (to) finish my homework.
Tabel Perbandingan Jenis Causative
| Pola | Rumus | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| Have | Have + object + past participle | I had my car washed. |
| Have + person + base verb | She had her friend fix the TV. | |
| Get | Get + object + past participle | I got my shoes cleaned. |
| Get + person + to infinitive | He got his sister to cook dinner. | |
| Make | Make + person + base verb | The boss made the staff work late. |
| Let | Let + person + base verb | They let us enter the room. |
| Help | Help + person + base verb / to infinitive | He helped me (to) solve the problem. |
Perbedaan Nuansa Makna
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Have/Get → menekankan “meminta atau mengatur agar sesuatu dilakukan”.
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Make → menekankan unsur “memaksa”.
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Let → menekankan unsur “izin”.
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Help → menekankan “membantu”.
Contoh Aplikasi dalam Kehidupan Nyata
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Di bengkel: I had my motorcycle repaired.
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Di sekolah: The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
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Dalam keluarga: My mom let me stay up late last night.
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Pertemanan: He got his friend to lend him some money.
-
Proyek kelompok: She helped us complete the presentation.
Latihan Soal dan Pembahasan
Pilihlah jawaban yang benar (A–E):
1. I … my hair cut yesterday.
A. have
B. had
C. has
D. having
E. get
✅ Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Causative passive → had + object + past participle.
2. She … her brother fix the laptop.
A. gets
B. had
C. made
D. let
E. helps
✅ Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: have + person + base verb.
3. The teacher … the students clean the classroom.
A. let
B. made
C. got
D. have
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Pola make + person + verb → memaksa.
4. He … his friend to carry the box.
A. get
B. got
C. gets
D. had
E. made
✅ Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Pola get + person + to infinitive.
5. My parents … me stay at my friend’s house.
A. had
B. let
C. made
D. got
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: let + person + base verb.
6. We … the mechanic repair our car last week.
A. had
B. have
C. got
D. make
E. let
✅ Jawaban: A
7. She … me (to) finish the project.
A. make
B. got
C. helped
D. had
E. let
✅ Jawaban: C
8. They … their house painted by professionals.
A. had
B. get
C. made
D. let
E. help
✅ Jawaban: A
9. The boss … the workers to stay longer.
A. let
B. got
C. made
D. had
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: C
10. She … the children play outside.
A. had
B. let
C. made
D. got
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: B
11. I … my phone repaired at the shop.
A. have
B. had
C. got
D. make
E. let
✅ Jawaban: B
12. He … his students write two essays.
A. made
B. let
C. had
D. got
E. helped
✅ Jawaban: A
13. We … the gardener water the plants every morning.
A. get
B. had
C. make
D. let
E. help
✅ Jawaban: B
14. She … her brother to lend her some money.
A. had
B. got
C. made
D. let
E. helps
✅ Jawaban: B
15. The doctor … me take the medicine regularly.
A. made
B. let
C. had
D. got
E. helped
✅ Jawaban: A
16. They … their friends to join the club.
A. made
B. had
C. got
D. let
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: C
17. She … her assistant print the documents.
A. made
B. had
C. let
D. got
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: B
18. The police … the thief confess the crime.
A. got
B. made
C. had
D. let
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: B
19. He … his sister help him with homework.
A. made
B. let
C. got
D. had
E. asked
✅ Jawaban: D
20. We … our room cleaned by the maid.
A. had
B. have
C. got
D. make
E. let
✅ Jawaban: A
Key Takeaways
-
Causative adalah struktur untuk menunjukkan seseorang menyebabkan atau meminta orang lain melakukan sesuatu.
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Ada lima pola utama: have, get, make, let, help.
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Nuansa makna berbeda: make (memaksa), let (izin), have/get (meminta/menyuruh), help (membantu).
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Bentuk causative bisa aktif (have someone do) maupun pasif (have something done).
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Pola ini penting dalam ujian dan komunikasi sehari-hari.
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