Gerund dan Participle: Pengertian, Perbedaan, Fungsi, Contoh & Latihan Soal

Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, Gerund dan Participle merupakan bentuk kata kerja yang mengalami perubahan fungsi. Meskipun keduanya sama-sama menggunakan verb-ing, keduanya memiliki peran dan penggunaan yang berbeda. Materi ini penting dipahami siswa SMA karena sering muncul dalam ujian, termasuk UTBK, TOEFL, dan IELTS. Artikel ini akan membahas definisi, aturan, perbedaan, hingga contoh soal beserta pembahasan.

Gerund

Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja yang ditambahkan akhiran -ing dan berfungsi sebagai kata benda dalam kalimat.

Contoh:

• Reading is my hobby.

• She enjoys swimming.

Pada contoh di atas, reading dan swimming berfungsi sebagai subjek maupun objek.

Fungsi Gerund

Gerund dapat menempati beberapa posisi dalam kalimat, yaitu:

1. Sebagai Subjek

   • Dancing makes her happy.

2. Sebagai Objek Kata Kerja

   • He avoids smoking.

3. Sebagai Objek Preposisi

   • She is interested in painting.

4. Sebagai Pelengkap Subjek

   • Her favorite activity is singing.

Daftar Kata Kerja yang Umumnya Diikuti Gerund

Beberapa kata kerja tertentu hanya diikuti gerund, misalnya:

Participle

Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan sebagai kata sifat atau untuk membentuk tenses tertentu. Ada dua jenis utama participle:

1. Present Participle (-ing)
   Menunjukkan aksi yang sedang berlangsung.

   • The crying baby needs attention.

2. Past Participle (V3)
   Biasanya digunakan dalam kalimat pasif atau perfect tense.

   • The broken glass is on the floor.

Fungsi Participle

1. Sebagai Kata Sifat

   • The running water is fresh. (present participle)

   • The stolen car was found. (past participle)

2. Dalam Participial Phrase

   • Walking down the street, she met an old friend.
     (frasa ini memberi informasi tambahan tentang subjek)

3. Dalam Tenses

   • Perfect Tense: She has finished her homework.

   • Passive Voice: The letter was written by John.

Perbedaan Gerund dan Participle

Contoh Aplikasi dalam Kalimat

• Gerund sebagai subjek:
  Singing helps reduce stress.

• Gerund sebagai objek:
  They admitted cheating during the test.

• Participle sebagai kata sifat:
  The falling leaves covered the ground.

• Participle phrase:
  Excited by the news, she called her parents immediately.

Soal Latihan & Pembahasan

Pilihan Ganda (A–E)

1. Choose the correct sentence.
A. She enjoys to swim.
B. She enjoys swimming.
C. She enjoys swim.
D. She enjoy swimming.
E. She is enjoy swimming.

Jawaban: B
(Pada kata kerja enjoy, harus diikuti gerund.)

2. Identify the gerund in the sentence: Smoking is bad for your health.
A. Smoking
B. bad
C. health
D. is
E. for

Jawaban: A

3. Which one uses participle as adjective?
A. Reading books is my hobby.
B. The crying baby needs milk.
C. She enjoys reading.
D. They finished studying.
E. Walking is good for health.

Jawaban: B

4. The correct form: He avoids ____ late at night.
A. go
B. goes
C. going
D. gone
E. to go

Jawaban: C

5. Find the participle phrase: Walking through the park, she saw a bird.
A. through the park
B. she saw
C. Walking through the park
D. a bird
E. saw a bird

Jawaban: C

6. Which sentence is correct?
A. They suggested to study harder.
B. They suggested studying harder.
C. They suggested study harder.
D. They suggest studying harder yesterday.
E. They suggesting study harder.

Jawaban: B

7. Identify past participle:
A. writing
B. gone
C. swimming
D. reading
E. playing

Jawaban: B

8. The broken vase was expensive. The word broken is…
A. Gerund
B. Present participle
C. Past participle
D. Infinitive
E. Adverb

Jawaban: C

9. He is interested in ____ English.
A. learn
B. learned
C. learning
D. to learn
E. learns

Jawaban: C

10. Which one contains gerund as object?
A. Playing football is fun.
B. I like swimming.
C. The girl talking to John is my sister.
D. The stolen car was found.
E. She has finished her homework.

Jawaban: B

11. Select the sentence with participial phrase.
A. Singing is fun.
B. She admitted cheating.
C. Having finished the task, he went home.
D. He likes swimming.
E. Reading helps me relax.

Jawaban: C

12. Which word is a gerund?
They admitted cheating in the exam.
A. admitted
B. exam
C. cheating
D. in
E. they

Jawaban: C

13. The word “falling” in The falling leaves is…
A. Gerund
B. Present participle
C. Past participle
D. Adjective clause
E. Noun

Jawaban: B

14. Identify correct usage.
A. She finished to read the book.
B. She finished reading the book.
C. She finishes read the book.
D. She finish reading book.
E. She has finish reading book.

Jawaban: B

15. Which sentence uses gerund as subject?
A. She likes reading novels.
B. He enjoys swimming.
C. Dancing is her passion.
D. The stolen bike was found.
E. She is writing a letter.

Jawaban: C

16. Choose the correct participle phrase.
A. Written the book, he became famous.
B. Writing the book, he became famous.
C. To write the book, he became famous.
D. Wrote the book, he became famous.
E. Write the book, he became famous.

Jawaban: B

17. Which is NOT followed by gerund?
A. avoid
B. enjoy
C. consider
D. suggest
E. decide

Jawaban: E (decide biasanya diikuti infinitive: decide to do.)

18. Identify present participle:
A. gone
B. built
C. swimming
D. taken
E. eaten

Jawaban: C

19. Which one shows gerund after preposition?
A. She is fond of singing.
B. He decided to study.
C. They want to eat.
D. The car repaired yesterday is mine.
E. She went to market.

Jawaban: A

20. The phrase Having done the work functions as…
A. Gerund
B. Noun clause
C. Past participle
D. Perfect participle phrase
E. Infinitive

Jawaban: D

Key Takeaways

• Gerund adalah verb + ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda.

• Participle adalah verb yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat atau bagian tense.

• Present participle: verb + ing; past participle: verb 3.

• Gerund sering muncul setelah kata kerja tertentu (enjoy, avoid, finish, dsb.).

• Participle banyak dipakai dalam deskripsi, participial phrase, tense, dan kalimat pasif.